What does a steam autoclave do?

A steam autoclave, often simply referred to as an autoclave, is a device primarily used for sterilization. Here is a detailed explanation of its function and operation:

Main Function

The primary purpose of a steam autoclave is to sterilize items by exposing them to high-pressure steam for a sufficient duration. This process effectively kills microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, that might survive ordinary cleaning methods such as washing with hot water and detergents.

Operating Principle

Steam Pressure and Temperature: The autoclave creates a high-pressure environment, which raises the boiling point of water. Typically, water boils at approximately 20°C hotter than its normal boiling point under the extra pressure in an autoclave. This high-temperature steam is more effective at penetrating and sterilizing items.

Sterilization Process: The autoclave is sealed tightly to maintain the high-pressure steam environment. Items to be sterilized are placed inside, and the autoclave is heated to temperatures of up to 135°C (275°F). The high-pressure steam is then applied for a specific period, usually ranging from 15 to 60 minutes, depending on the load and the type of items being sterilized.